The Hajj pilgrimage started on Wednesday. Some 1.8 million Muslims from throughout the globe are anticipated to assemble within the Saudi holy metropolis of Mecca for the annual gathering that can conclude on June 8.
Hajj is a once-in-a-lifetime obligation for all grownup Muslims who’re bodily and financially in a position to make the journey.
All through the sacred pilgrimage, pilgrims drink from Zamzam, a wellspring believed to have been flowing for greater than 4,000 years, nourishing them to this present day.
However the place does this water come from, and why does it maintain such deep significance?
The place is the Zamzam effectively situated?
Zamzam water comes from a effectively, situated throughout the Grand Mosque of Mecca (Masjid al-Haram), some 21 metres (69 ft) east of the Kaaba.
The Zamzam effectively is beneath the Mataf space, which is the white marble-tiled house surrounding the Kaaba the place pilgrims carry out Tawaf.
In 1962, King Saud commissioned the enlargement of the Mataf space to higher accommodate the rising variety of pilgrims. As a part of this undertaking, the opening of the Zamzam effectively was lowered and enclosed in a basement roughly 2.7 metres (9 ft) deep beneath the Mataf.
In 2003, the basement entrances have been closed, and consuming fountains have been relocated to the edges of the Mataf to permit for additional enlargement.
At present, pilgrims entry Zamzam water by way of dispensers and fountains unfold all through the Grand Mosque.
Why is Zamzam vital to Hajj and Umrah?
Zamzam water is deeply linked to the origins of Mecca and the story of Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim), his spouse Hagar (Hajar), and their son Ishmael (Ismail).
In keeping with Islamic custom, Prophet Abraham left Hagar and child Ishmael within the desert valley of Mecca by God’s command as a take a look at of religion.
When their provisions ran out, Hagar ran forwards and backwards seven occasions between the 2 small hills of Safa and Marwa looking for water.
The domed constructing protecting the Zamzam effectively in 1803 (Mahometaanen)
God responded to her religion and wrestle with a miracle: water started to gush from the bottom close to child Ishmael’s ft – this grew to become the Zamzam effectively.
This spring saved their lives and led to the settlement of Mecca, which right now has a inhabitants of about 2.2 million.
The constructing protecting Zamzam in 1888 (Qatar Nationwide Library)
Throughout Hajj and Umrah, pilgrims re-enact Hagar’s seek for water by strolling seven occasions between the hills of Safa and Marwa within the ritual of Sa’i and drink Zamzam water following the custom of the Prophet Muhammad, who praised its purity and therapeutic qualities.
What does Zamzam imply?
In keeping with Islamic custom, when the Zamzam spring miraculously gushed forth close to child Ishmael’s ft, Hagar tried to comprise the water, fearing it might run out.
She is claimed to have exclaimed “Zamzam”, which is usually understood to imply “cease! cease!” or “maintain! maintain!” as she tried to cease the water from flowing away by gathering it across the spring.
What’s the supply of the Zamzam aquifer?
Zamzam water comes from a pure underground supply beneath the Grand Mosque in Mecca. The effectively attracts water from an aquifer, a layer of rock and sand that holds water, which is refilled by rainwater that seeps in from the encompassing Ibrahim Valley (Wadi Ibrahim) and close by hills.
The Zamzam effectively is about 31 metres (101 ft) deep and was initially hand-dug. Water enters the effectively by way of unfastened sand and gravel within the prime half, and likewise from cracks within the stable rock beneath.
At present, electrical pumps convey the water up as an alternative of the outdated rope-and-bucket technique. The effectively itself is now closed to the general public, however the water is out there by way of fountains and dispensers across the Grand Mosque.
The Zamzam effectively is taken into account to have flowed uninterrupted for greater than 4,000 years. The continual circulate of water and its central position in Hajj and Umrah have been well-documented for hundreds of years.
In keeping with the Normal Authority for the Care & Administration of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, extraction and consumption of Zamzam differ by season:
On common days:
Water provide: At the very least 950,400 litres (251,000 US gallons) each day
Consumption: About 700,000 litres (185,000 US gallons) each day
Throughout peak seasons (Hajj and Ramadan):
Water provide: As much as 1.6 million litres (423,000 US gallons) each day
Consumption: Can attain 2 million litres (528,000 US gallons) each day because of the surge in pilgrims
In keeping with the Saudi visa workplace, Mecca is anticipating to welcome 15 million Umrah pilgrims in 2025.
To handle this demand, the Zamzam effectively is monitored in actual time utilizing digital sensors that observe water stage, pH (potential of hydrogen; a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid), temperature, and conductivity. Further monitoring wells throughout Wadi Ibrahim assist assess how all the aquifer responds to water use and rainfall.
The Zamzam Research and Analysis Centre (ZSRC) estimates how a lot water could be safely extracted and advises the Grand Mosque authority on sustainable pumping ranges. Annually, the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) points a pumping schedule, with peak demand throughout Ramadan and Dhul-Hijjah and the bottom in Muharram.
If water ranges fall beneath a set threshold, pumping is paused to permit the effectively to get better, guaranteeing a secure, long-term provide.
How is Zamzam totally different from faucet water?
Zamzam water is obvious and odourless, nevertheless it has a definite style because of its wealthy mineral content material. It’s barely alkaline, with a pH between 7.9 and eight.0, greater than common consuming water.
A research by King Saud College discovered no organic contamination or algae in Zamzam water, that are widespread in different wells and might have an effect on style and security.
The minerals in Zamzam water supply a number of well being advantages:
Fluoride: Helps forestall tooth decay, particularly vital in scorching climates.
Calcium and magnesium: Current in greater quantities. Calcium is in an ionic kind, making it simpler for the physique to soak up.
Sodium and potassium: Assist hydration, nerve perform and muscle well being.
Total, the overall mineral depend for Zamzam is 835mg/litre in contrast with Riyadh’s faucet water at 350mg/litre.
How is Zamzam distributed?
The Saudi authorities prohibits the sale of Zamzam water for industrial functions and strictly regulates its distribution to make sure it’s offered as a sacred reward to pilgrims and never exploited for revenue.
Pilgrims getting back from Hajj or Umrah typically convey again a 5-litre bottle of Zamzam water to share with household and buddies again residence. As a result of Zamzam water is taken into account a particular reward, airways sometimes don’t embody it within the common baggage allowance, so pilgrims typically carry it individually or observe particular pointers when transporting it residence.
Delivery Zamzam water by way of Saudi airports is easy and handy—simply observe the rules and use the designated containers for a easy and hassle-free journey.#Makkah_And_Madinah_Eagerly_Await_You#Ease_And_Tranquility pic.twitter.com/de4PLGlo18
The Ministry of Well being and Household Welfare (MoHU_En) March 28, 2025
Saudi authorities have established a complicated, multistage system to retailer and distribute Zamzam water, guaranteeing it stays clear, protected and simply accessible. Electrical pumps transport Zamzam water 5km (3 miles) south to the King Abdullah Zamzam Water Challenge in Kudai. There, the water is purified after which bottled.
After remedy, the water is saved in two important reservoirs:
Kudai reservoir: holds 10,000 cubic metres (10 million litres)
King Abdulaziz Sabeel reservoir in Madinah: holds 16,000 cubic metres (16 million litres)
